How can rural areas be developed and income of the people be increased, where 70% of Indian population lives?

Cities pose multiple chronic and severe issues and don't really support the economic development of the country or utilize the rich young manpower for which we should be proud of.

Classic examples are how villages around Hyderabad alone have transformed into the richest villages in the country and outskirts of the city develop at such a faster pace. If the same concept is applied to distant villages from the city we can have planned development and rename villages to "Nano Cities".
https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-7_Qyi2ohZSs/Wma1s46zO7I/AAAAAAAAHOo/QkpSjQfeg94op4ouoBODCWZiuUmzHSB6gCLcBGAs/s320/dream-village-2.jpg

(-3) Everyone agrees that re-engineering a city is a very high costly affair and increases the density of the population for which currently we don't have any regulation, which is of utmost importance. We start constructing metro rails, flyovers, tunnels to make congestion This density of population puts us in a never ending vicious cycle of never ending problems. Strong regulation to ensure that density of the population does not increase beyond a specified limit to ensure that population is equally distributed across the land.

(-2) All the elected representatives(includes President, PM, CM, cabinet ministers ...) start living in the villages which are not developed. All good things start with the leaders and hence they are expected to set an example for others to follow. This ensures that all the important meetings, conventions, decisions are made in villages instead of cities. This will ensure that leaders will think about village problems all the time and will help them to use various avenues to solve them, where ever possible. This simple step itself will instill lot of self respect and motivation for the villagers to start working hard to develop the villages, which was lacking all these days. This will also make people of higher ranks, scholars, officers, industrialists, CEO and founders of MNCs .. to visit and stay in under developed villages regularly and connect with villagers on a daily basis.

(-1) We cannot make changes quickly to any thing which is already built. Hence, while designing the villages as "Nano Cities" a lot of vision and thought process has to go, so that it sustains itself for thousands of years without any major change. For this we have to first develop a perfect prototype for a "NANO City"

• (a) Not just interlinking the rivers - but also taking the water where exactly where it is required and when it is required. Every drop of water matters a lot
  Multipurpose roads built using "Nano engineering" which are connected with rivers. This helps in interlinking of rivers and ensures that river water does not flow into oceans, rather circulates within the country. This ensures that every inch of land is productive and no land is barren anymore with greenery everywhere and improving the agricultural produce to 4-5 lakh crores (INR) per year . Nano engineering and Nano pillar is the next generation construction to provide high strength and durability and that to with faster speed of execution and reduced cost when compared to conventional roads.
  Refer the below image, this will be similar to stapler pins which will act as nano pillars with distance between two pins. It will look similar to roads, however will have big canals below the road. All the fields will be connected with sub canals/pipes. Power can also be generated with the regular flow of water and with digital water meters the actual flow of water and consumption can also be tracked and controlled to ensure that water is not wasted and channelized properly. (This will also help us to convert rajasthan's desert also into a dense forest). This will be a complete project as we are not just interlinking rivers, we are taking the water exactly where it can be used productively. Hence, the benefits out of this project will help us to recover the cost in just 2-3 years (Max).
  This can be done along side the existing roads, this also helps to keep the water clean. smaller canals can be made where roads are existing.

Not putting a concrete structure at the bottom and doing the reverse of the canals, helps the water to be absorbed by ground as well. This helps in maintaining good ground level water. This helps in growing beautiful fruit bearing trees along side the roads. Currently, most of the land near to the roads is unproductive and is wasted. This also helps the farmers to transport the produce, as all the fields are connected.

Why is it necessary - So, in the Peninsular India we waste about Rs. 16,500 crores to Rs. 90,750 crores worth of foodgrains producing water to the sea and in the entire India about Rs. 81,400 crores to Rs. 4.5 lakh crores worth of foodgrains producing water to the sea per annum. https://www.thehindu.com/thehindu/2001/03/13/stories/13130612.htm
Inter linking of rivers - http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=148497

-- An example - America's economic transformation in the early 1800s was linked to dramatic changes in transportation networks. Construction of roads, canals, and railroads led to the expansion of markets, facilitated the movement of peoples, and altered the physical landscape.

The Top layer of the roads can be mad with self illuminating paints, this ensures that there is no need to light up roads in the night.
https://www.chemistryworld.com/news/glowing-roads-take-a-rain-check/7341.article

• (b) Zero Fertilizer Promote cattle's like cow this will help us to get natural manure and thereby eliminate the need of fertilizers or pesticide. By promoting organic farming everywhere the land will not get contaminated and will also help people to live healthy and produce more with less cost.

• (c) Zero Pollution - Green - living in natures lap Use of only renewable sources of energy and ensuring that there is no pollution. Some examples can be solar, wind, biogas pits, electromagnetic, free energy, by tapping into perpetual motion techniques, cold fusion for big industries.

• (d) Designing the village and Constructing building and infrastructure to use sunlight and wind optimally. Use of pyramid structure, sriyantra based designs (refer the below article) to work with the laws of nature to attract positive energy from the cosmos. This helps in improving the consciousness of the people.

https://motheroflightthebookoffire.com/home/sri-chakra-pooja/sri-chakra-land-art-article/

• (e) Zero Plus wireless buildings Every home or shop will not have any wiring ( use of renewable source of energies to produce the required power within and no drainage connection by having water treatment & bio gas plants at ever home - eliminates the need for drainage system and in parallel improve the greenery and ground level water.

• (f) No building greater than 2 floors, with proper space between structures.

• (0) World class education Construct facilities like practical labs, experimenting centers, innovation hubs, playgrounds, music and dance training centers... etc All the schools in the adjoining area can use these facilities at regular intervals, instead of having dedicated to any school.
  https://uolve7.talkyard.net/-41/why-worlds-best-education-is-very-costly-and-still-cannot-embed-right-values-and-help-people-to-be-e

• (1) Mobile medical and diagnostic camps in small villages, rather then constructing hospitals in every village. Use of digital mediums to consult doctors, on a real time basis. 24*7 Ambulance services using transportation facilities of the community to transport people to the nearest hospital. Doctor on call service - this will make the doctor come to your home, rather than you visiting them. This will reduce the need to construct hospitals in every village and help villages to get access to best doctors. (This will also benefit the doctors as the cost to maintain clinic will not be there and not dependent on specific area of people)

• (2) Gathering centers with big audio visuals at the center of the village - where all the villagers can meet, celebrate, reward/recognize people, discuss, post issues, plan out events, seek help, marriages, functions, track weekly progress on planned improvements, look at the spending and collection of taxes, celebrate festivals...etc This gives the real flavor of a village and builds bonding between villagers.

• (3) Village/town enterprises Every village/town will be specialized in manufacturing specific product/service. This helps in building micro enterprises, instead of focusing on large scale industries. Here, no one will be the owner, but will be managed by the villagers on salary basis and the profits out of this will be used for the development of villages and helping the people, this ensures employment and competitive prices for consumers. Villagers are not dependent on government for funds to develop villages. Brands will be based on the village name. When the turnover increases above the average limit for the similar produce across other villages, automatic deduction of 3% tax will be levied . This will be used to develop other villages with similar enterprise - This ensures that all the villages are growing hand in hand. Villagers can also save the funds and start new ventures and business, similar to how companies do. To take off such a model Village and industry partnership will be promoted. However, the corporate cannot take out the profits for their personnel gain or growth, they will get royalty amount with an upper limit basis the investments made in the village, after the village is in profit. The same model can be used by small towns and districts as well, instead of investing in stock markets of unknown companies - they can invest their money in their own place to get benefited.

• (4) Services from cities Most of the people with these developments will start moving to their respective towns or villages. Cities will serve only to provide critical utility, administrative services and a market place for people to trade. All the manufacturing units, in the city or near the outskirts will attract additional deduction of 5% for every credit. This will also make all the software, bpo and kpo companies also to move into villages. The amount collected from the city manufacturers/service providers will be used to develop villages with population less than 10K. This helps the villages to get good talented people from diverse fields.

• (5) Every villager will be responsible to protect trees and compulsory planting of trees every year as a mandatory act in and around the villages. Villagers will have a mandatory obligation to grow grass everywhere to cover the land (where land is not cultivated). This avoids dust pollution and The Objective will to have as many trees as possible and live as though they are in a forest. Villagers will be educated to plant what kind of trees even in the smallest place, like coconut trees which grows long and consumes very less space in the land. Villagers will also be able to get benefited to get most of the food consumption from their own village.

• (6) Village Diaries farms which will be owned and managed by villagers Train Cows, bufallos, Ox, Dog, Cat to excrete at specific points – this helps in collecting the dung easily. Avoid tying down cattle’s this reduces the cost to maintain and have general sheds where cattle can rest and people on salary basis will do milking of the cow /buffalo. The revenue generated from milk will again go in the development of villages. Every one will be responsible to ensure that the cattles stay healthy and will have on call veterinary doctors to treat the animals. This will provide employment to people in verterany field which is missing currently. Collective efforts and collaboration from villagers will help them to be more productive and do multiple things.

• (7) Village cleanliness hour will be observed every day, where every villager will participate to clean the roads in and around their home/office/industry. There will be no specialized people to keep the village clean. This automatically instills the pride to keep the surroundings clean and neat and thereby reduce the efforts to keep the place clean.

• (8) No one uses private vehicles - not even a cycle is owned by anyone. Everyone uses shared transport system.
  Example: One person takes the cycle form cylce-stand and goes to another cycle stand and post which does the walking to reach his destination. The Cycles are maintained using the village fund and is free to use within the village limits. Everyone takes up the responsibility to ensure that the cycles are used properly

Other modes of transport are used only when necessary. The cost of transport is borne by the user similar to public transport and shared cabs/autos.

• (9) The road from one village to another village/town/city is full of greenery, flowers, fruit based/useful trees and grass on both side of the roads. This helps people to enjoy the travel and encourages people to walk /run as well. In between villages, you will have sports ground, children parks, amusement parks, resorts for holidays, restaurants, gaming centers, free toilets on the highways and not just in villages... This kind of setup further increases the employment opportunity and uses the land on the road side in the optimal way. This also helps people living in villages to get all the experience of people living in cities.

• (10) Most innovative houses will be seen which uses every inch of the house. All houses will be four stories (Mandatory) - with multiple families living together and huge space between two buildings. This helps to optimize the use of land. Every house will have collapsible walls and roof storage, which can be pulled down easily ( instead of having cupboards which occupy so much of space even when not used). This helps to make the house into a big hall in day time and divide it into rooms while sleeping. People sleep on the floors and there is no dining tables or any kind of furniture except for foldable chairs and study tables. No refrigerator or Air Conditioners/geysers (unless it is required in extreme weather). All buildings are wireless and are zero plus and No waste generating buildings. (which means they generate more power then required) and do not require any drainage facility or generate any waste. Green plants will also be in the house.

• (11) No usage of plastics and even the packaging materials are eco-friendly and are not thrown away, rather are used as a fertilizer to grow vegetables in and around the house.

• (11) No industries or factories which use chemicals or any material which is harmful to nature. Everything is eco- friendly.

-(12) All villages will have Digital waste centers so that nothing is wasted and the same is recycled back again.

Refer the example of Anandwan - how even weak people developed a world class village.